答张五弟
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唐代]：王维
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终南有茅屋，前对终南山。
终年无客常闭关，终日无心长自闲。
不妨饮酒复垂钓，君但能来相往还。
答张五弟译文及注释
译文
终南山下有我的茅屋，茅屋正对着终南山。
整年没有客来柴门常关，整天无所用心常觉心安。
也不妨喝点酒钓钓鱼，你只要能来就请常来玩。
注释
张五：即张諲，唐代书画家，官至刑部员外郎，与王维友好。因排行第五，故称“张五弟”。
终南：山名。秦岭主峰之一。在陕西省西安市南。一称南山，即狭义的秦岭。古名太一山、地肺山、中南山、周南山。
终年：全年，一年到头。长：一作“常”。闭关：闭门谢客，断绝往来。谓不为尘事所扰。
无心：佛教语，指解脱邪念的真心。
垂钓：垂竿钓鱼，喻隐居生活。
但：只，只要。往还：交游，交往。
参考资料：
1、邓安生 等．王维诗选译．成都：巴蜀书社，1990：98-99
答张五弟创作背景
王维和张諲情投意合，中年以后曾同隐居在终南山，王维山居和张諲山居距离很近。这是王维在居住终南山期间为赠答张諲而写的一首小诗。写此诗时，诗人仍在朝廷任职，但由于对李林甫把持下的黑暗政治不满，不愿同流合污，又不能与他们决裂，因而采取了半官半隐的方式.
参考资料：
1、邓安生 等．王维诗选译．成都：巴蜀书社，1990：98-99
答张五弟鉴赏
这首小诗表现了诗人在隐居中寂静安闲的生活情趣，又表达了对志趣相投的友人的真挚感情。
从诗的内容上看，此诗的主旨是要引起友人的兴致，招致他来相聚共乐。诗人首先描写他的隐居之所的清幽。虽是几间茅屋草舍，但面对着巍峨深邃、苍翠欲滴的终南山，开门即可观赏山色。头两句娓娓道来，不加丝毫藻饰，意在引起友人的联想。三、四句进而写自己的隐居生活情趣。从早到晚，无拘无束，无忧无虑，无人打扰，更无机心杂念，煞是悠闲。为了吸引友人到来，又有意写自己终年无客，门虽设而常关，流露出几分寂寞。思念友人前来相伴之意不言而喻。最后两句，又以饮酒、垂钓等赏心乐事相招，直率地表达希望友人能经常来聚会的心愿。
从诗的写法上看，全篇以诗代书，写得朴实、自然、亲切。为使友人从字里行间就能体会出自己孤寂而清幽的心境，诗中有意采用重复的字眼和相同的句式。首二句连用两个“终南”，使友人加深印象，突出出门面山的优势。三四句又巧妙地把终南山的“终”字移用来创造给人以悠长、缓慢之感的时间意象。一个“终年”再叠加一个“终日”，两个同一结构的诗句反复、排比，用以烘托寂寞、清闲的心态，使人感到诗人在山中就这么日复一日、年复一年地静静生活下去，对世事不闻不问，甚至不管岁月的流逝，惟一遗憾的是不能与张諲朝夕相处。四个“终字”，两个“长”字的叠用，诗句节奏显得非常缓慢。
全诗写得轻松自然，毫不着力。只有心地十分散淡、安闲的人，才能写出如此散淡、安闲的诗。
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唐代·王维的简介
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王维（701年－761年，一说699年—761年），字摩诘，汉族，河东蒲州（今山西运城）人，祖籍山西祁县，唐朝诗人，有“诗佛”之称。苏轼评价其：“味摩诘之诗，诗中有画；观摩诘之画，画中有诗。”开元九年（721年）中进士，任太乐丞。王维是盛唐诗人的代表，今存诗400余首，重要诗作有《相思》《山居秋暝》等。王维精通佛学，受禅宗影响很大。佛教有一部《维摩诘经》，是王维名和字的由来。王维诗书画都很有名，非常多才多艺，音乐也很精通。与孟浩然合称“王孟”。
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