送穷文
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唐代]：韩愈
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元和六年正月乙丑晦，主人使奴星结柳作车，缚草为船，载糗舆粮，牛繫轭下，引帆上樯。三揖穷鬼而告之曰：“闻子行有日矣，鄙人不敢问所涂，窃具船与车，备载糗粻，日吉时良，利行四方，子饭一盂，子啜一觞，携朋挚俦，去故就新，驾尘风，与电争先，子无底滞之尤，我有资送之恩，子等有意于行乎？”
屏息潜听，如闻音声，若啸若啼，砉敥嘎嘤，毛发尽竖，竦肩缩颈，疑有而无，久乃可明，若有言者曰：“吾与子居，四十年余，子在孩提，吾不子愚，子学子耕，求官与名，惟子是从，不变于初。门神户灵，我叱我呵，包羞诡随，志不在他。子迁南荒，热烁湿蒸，我非其乡，百鬼欺陵。太学四年，朝韮暮盐，唯我保汝，人皆汝嫌。自初及终，未始背汝，心无异谋，口绝行语，於何听闻，云我当去？是必夫子信谗，有间于予也。我鬼非人，安用车船，鼻齅臭香，糗粻可捐。单独一身，谁为朋俦，子苟备知，可数已不？子能尽言，可谓圣智，情状既露，敢不回避。”
主人应之曰：“予以吾为真不知也耶！子之朋俦，非六非四，在十去五，满七除二，各有主张，私立名字，捩手覆羹，转喉触讳，凡所以使吾面目可憎、语言无味者，皆子之志也。——其名曰智穷：矫矫亢亢，恶园喜方，羞为奸欺，不忍伤害；其次名曰学穷：傲数与名，摘抉杳微，高挹群言，执神之机；又其次曰文穷：不专一能，怪怪奇奇，不可时施，祗以自嬉；又其次曰命穷：影与行殊，而丑心妍，利居众后，责在人先；又其次曰交穷：磨肌戛骨，吐出心肝，企足以待，寘我仇怨。凡此五鬼，为吾五患，饥我寒我，兴讹造讪，能使我迷，人莫能间，朝悔其行，暮已复然，蝇营狗苟，驱去复还。”
言未毕，五鬼相与张眼吐舌，跳踉偃仆，抵掌顿脚，失笑相顾。徐谓主人曰：“子知我名，凡我所为，驱我令去，小黠大痴。人生一世，其久几何，吾立子名，百世不磨。小人君子，其心不同，惟乖於时，乃与天通。携持琬琰，易一羊皮，饫于肥甘，慕彼糠糜。天下知子，谁过于予。虽遭斥逐，不忍于疏，谓予不信，请质诗书。”
主人于是垂头丧气，上手称谢，烧车与船，延之上座。
送穷文创作背景
《送穷文》写于唐宪宗元和六年春，时韩愈45岁，任河南令。韩愈写“送穷”，实则是“留穷”。韩愈以诙诡之笔抒发了抑郁不得志的愤慨，留下了这篇千古奇幻之文。 自嘲的笔调，戏剧性的对白，诙谐的风格，奠定了《送穷文》的文学成就并使之产生了深远的影响。
送穷文鉴赏
初看韩愈的文章似乎难以理解，坚持看下来之后，发现竟然如此情切、如此贴近自己的生活。于是不忍释手，每看一篇都感叹良久。
韩文公的仁慈善良、为国为民的大爱精神让千年后的进人再一次深深感动。
然而韩公这样的一位才子和清官却过着一种颠沛流离，过着并非惬意的生活。
《送穷文》便是韩愈发自内心的自白。何为穷？穷鬼的过半共有五个，“智穷”“学穷”“文穷”“命穷”“交穷”。这五穷各司其职，掌管韩公的命运。主人应之曰：“子以吾为真不知也耶！子之朋俦，非六非四，在十去五，满七除二，各有主张，私立名字，捩手覆羹，转喉触讳，凡所以使吾面目可憎、语言无味者，皆子之志也。——其名曰智穷：矫矫亢亢，恶园喜方，羞为奸欺，不忍害伤；其次名曰学穷：傲数与名，摘抉杳微，高挹群言，执神之机；又其次曰文穷：不专一能，怪怪奇奇，不可时施，祗以自嬉；又其次曰命穷：影与行殊，面丑心妍，利居众后，责在人先；又其次曰交穷：磨肌戛骨，吐出心肝，企足以待，寘我仇怨。凡此五鬼，为吾五患，饥我寒我，兴讹造讪，能使我迷，人莫能间，朝悔其行，暮已复然，蝇营狗苟，驱去复还。”
五鬼如苍蝇般无耻追逐，像没有廉耻的狗一般跟随韩公，还告诉韩公徐谓主人曰：“子知我名，凡我所为，驱我令去，小黠大痴。人生一世，其久几何，吾立子名，百世不磨。小人君子，其心不同，惟乖於时，乃与天通。携持琬琰，易一羊皮，饫于肥甘，慕彼糠糜。天下知子，谁过于予。虽遭斥逐，不忍子疏，谓予不信，请质诗书。”主人于是垂头丧气，上手称谢，烧车与船，延之上座。
意思是：人的一辈子，能活多久呢？我们使您树立了名声，千秋百代也不会磨灭。小人和君子，他们的志向是不一样的，君子虽然不舍于当世的潮流，却跟天意相通……
从这篇文章我看到了一位品德高尚，然而又充满坎坷的唐人。从看古文里看到了别人也见到自己，没有生活的磨难彼岸难以理解生命的真实面目。但是困难不应该太多，也不应太久，因为每一次的磨难都是人生的一笔财富，是智慧的积累，如果没有将之化为力量和勇气去战胜内心的痛苦，那么就白吃饭，白吃苦了。
韩愈在字里行间体现出来的内心世界机器丰富，有对国对民的担忧、有对自己怀才不遇的孤独感、也有对身世之不幸的哀叹、也有对社会丑陋面目的批判……看到百代宗师的韩愈生于忧患的一生。他实际上真正为自己生活过的时间又有多少呢？
活在今天的我们，是多么幸福。只要有理想、有目标，就会有人支持和扶助，想想也是，生活在以和平为主题的社会，为什么不怀着感恩的心生活，过着古人无法实现的理想生活。
注：正月初五“送穷”，是我国古代民间一种很有特色的岁时风俗。其意就是祭送穷鬼（穷神）。穷鬼，又称“穷子”。据宋陈元靓《岁时广记》引《文宗备问》记载：“颛顼高辛时，宫中生一子，不着完衣，宫中号称穷子。其后正月晦死，宫中葬之，相谓曰'今日送穷子'”。相传穷鬼乃颛顼之子。他身材羸弱矮小，性喜穿破衣烂衫，喝稀饭。即使将新衣服给他，他也扯破或用火烧出洞以后才穿，因此“宫中号为穷子”。
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张衡《
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归田赋》
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东方朔《
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答客难》
韩愈简介
唐代·韩愈的简介
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韩愈（768～824）字退之，唐代文学家、哲学家、思想家，河阳（今河南省焦作孟州市）人，汉族。祖籍河北昌黎，世称韩昌黎。晚年任吏部侍郎，又称韩吏部。谥号“文”，又称韩文公。他与柳宗元同为唐代古文运动的倡导者，主张学习先秦两汉的散文语言，破骈为散，扩大文言文的表达功能。宋代苏轼称他“文起八代之衰”，明人推他为唐宋八大家之首，与柳宗元并称“韩柳”，有“文章巨公”和“百代文宗”之名，作品都收在《昌黎先生集》里。韩愈在思想上是中国“道统”观念的确立者，是尊儒反佛的里程碑式人物。
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紫髯虽满镜，终奈二毛何。白日从他暮，朱颜且自酡。
楚丘神智少，莱子笑啼多。明岁杖乡得，居然六十皤。
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寿丞相
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宋代：
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任希夷
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何许生贤踵世官，十洲风物四明山。
股肱光辅唐虞际，衮绣亲传父子间。
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井泉
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宋代：
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刘子翚
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石井水溅溅，寒莎映碧藓。
雨声添溜急，天影入波圆。