从军北征
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唐代]：李益
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碛里征人三十万，一时回首月中看。
从军北征译文及注释
译文
天山下了一场大雪，从青海湖刮来的风更添寒冷。行军途中，战士吹起笛曲《行路难》。
听到这悲伤的别离曲，驻守边关的三十万将士，都抬起头来望着东升的月亮。
注释
偏：一作“遍”。行路难：乐府曲调名，多描写旅途的辛苦和离别的悲伤。
碛（qì）：沙漠的意思。这里指边关。
回首：一作“回向”。月中：一作“月明”。
从军北征创作背景
此诗作于德宗贞元元年（785）至四年间在杜希全幕中之时。此时李益入塑方节度使崔宁的幕府，随着崔宁在祖国边疆巡视时，感受到军队已经不复盛唐的雄壮豪迈，有感而发作出的诗篇。李益选取了一幅最动人的画面，以快如并刀的诗笔把它剪入诗篇，著成《从军北征》。
参考资料：
1、郭弘.色、音、情的完美组合——析李益七绝《从军北征》艺术特色[J] .社科纵横,2007(09)
2、佘正松．边塞诗选． 南京：凤凰出版社，2012：282-283
从军北征鉴赏
诗的首句“天山雪后海风寒”，是这幅画的背景，只七个字，就把地域、季节、气候一一交代清楚，有力地烘托出了这次行军的环境气氛。这样，接下来不必直接描述行军的艰苦，只用“横笛遍吹”一句就折射出了GREn/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>征人的心情。《行路难》是一个声情哀怨的笛曲，这里用了“遍吹”两字，更点明这时传来的不是孤孤单单、声音微弱的独奏，而是此吹彼和、响彻夜空的合鸣，从而把读者带进一个悲中见壮的境界。
诗的后两句“碛里GREn/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>征人三十万，一时回首月中看”，是这一片笛声在军中引起的共感。句中的“碛里”、“月中”，也是烘染这幅画的背景的，起了加重首句的作用，说明这支远征军不仅在雪后的天山下、刺骨的寒风里，而且在荒漠上、月夜中，这就使人加倍感到环境的荒凉、气氛的悲怆。也许有人对这两句中“三十万”的数字和“一时回首”的描写，感到不大真实，因为一支行军队伍未必如此庞大，更不可能全军都听到笛声并在同一时间回首顾望。但是，植根于生活真实的诗歌，在反映真实时决不应当只是依样画葫芦，为了托出一个特定境界，收到最大艺术效果，有时不但容许而且需要运用夸张手法。李益的这两句诗，只有像这样写，才能充分显示这片笛声的哀怨和广大GREn/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>征人的心情，使这支远征队伍在大漠上行军的壮观得到最好的艺术再现，从而获致王国维所说的“境界全出”的艺术效果。
诗人通过虚写笛声导致GREn/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>征人行为举止的细微变化，实写GREn/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>征人的心理感受。在肃杀苦寒的边塞，思亲怀乡是GREn/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>征人共同的感受。这种感受长期积郁胸中，无处表达，这是一种多么痛苦的煎熬。在行军途中，突然听到一阵阵哀怨、凄切的笛声响起，GREn/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>征人们久郁胸中的思亲怀乡之情奔涌而出。诗中展现的是一幅聚焦完全一致的画面，悲壮中显出凄苦，哀怨中显出无奈，GREn/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>征人的心理刻画得栩栩如生。
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杜甫《
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后出塞五首》
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卢纶《
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和张仆射塞下曲六首》
李益简介
唐代·李益的简介
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李益(约750—约830)， 唐代诗人，字君虞，祖籍凉州姑臧（今甘肃武威市凉州区），后迁河南郑州。大历四年(769)进士，初任郑县尉，久不得升迁，建中四年(783)登书判拔萃科。因仕途失意，后弃官在燕赵一带漫游。以边塞诗作名世，擅长绝句，尤其工于七绝。
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