南歌子·古戍饥乌集
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清代]：纳兰性德
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古戍饥乌集，荒城野雉飞。何年劫火剩残灰，试看英雄碧血，满龙堆。
玉帐空分垒，金笳己罢吹。东风回首尽成非，不道兴亡命也，岂人为。
南歌子·古戍饥乌集译文及注释
译文
古老的营垒，成了乌鸦聚集之地，荒凉的城堡中野鸡恣意飞舞。这是什么时候的战火留下来的遗迹，曾经骁勇善战的英雄，他们的碧血丹心如今都被沙漠淹没了。
主帅的帐篷，曾经的胡笳，如今都已作古。千年悲叹，回首相望，古今多少是非，说来兴亡都是天定，岂是人为！
注释
南歌子：词牌名，原唐教坊曲。双调五十四字，上下片各五句三平韵。
古戍：边疆古老的城堡、营。
饥乌：饥饿的乌鸦。
劫火：佛教语，谓坏劫之末所起的大火，后亦借指兵火。
碧血：为正义死难而流的血，烈士的血。典出《庄子·外物》：“入主莫不欲其臣之忠，而忠未必信，故伍员流于江，苌弘死于蜀，藏起血三年，而化为碧。”后来就把忠臣志士所流之血称为“碧血”。
龙堆：白龙堆的略称。古西域沙丘名，此处谓沙漠。
玉帐：主帅所居的帐幕，取如玉之坚的意思。
金笳（jiā）：胡笳的美称，古代北方民族常用的一种管乐器。
参考资料：
1、（清）纳兰性德著；墨香斋译评．纳兰词 双色插图版,：中国纺织出版社，2015.10：第121页
南歌子·古戍饥乌集创作背景
词写于康熙二十一年（1682）春，其时容若扈驾随行塞外，见古戍荒城，战火余烬，有兴亡沧桑之感，遂托于词章而做。
参考资料：
1、《经典读库》编委会编著．人间最美纳兰词精选：江苏美术出版社，2013.11：第132页
2、闵泽平编著．纳兰词全集 汇编汇评汇校：崇文书局，2012.03：第123页
南歌子·古戍饥乌集鉴赏
首句即吸收李白《战城南》“乌鸢啄人肠，衔飞上挂塞》“饥乌啼旧垒，疲马恋空城”的诗意，表现了萧萧古戍、饥乌群集的惨切之景。次句，“荒城野雉飞”，是化用刘禹锡“麦秀空城野雉飞”句意，把古战场阴森怖栗的情景写得活灵活现。接下“何年”三句，颇有唐朝边塞诗的味道，但容若毕竟又不是岑参那类边塞诗人，唐时的边塞诗是荒凉中透出豪迈，容若却是豪迈转向了凄凉。“何年劫火剩残灰”，是哪年的战乱造就了如今一切的皆似残灰，惨淡的历史已遥不可考，如今只有看英雄们当日的碧血，化作了这蛮荒的土色。“试看英雄碧血，满龙堆”，容若此处谓，君不见那些忠魂碧血，不管何方埋骨，到头来不都是付与这无边瀚海了吗？上阕，占戍、荒城、劫灰、碧血······组成的是一幅凄惨悲凉的大漠边城之景，奏响的是一曲旧堡败垒的苍凉沉郁悲歌。
下阕前两句承接上阕，继续铺写古战场萧然之景。“玉帐空分垒，金笳已罢吹”，军中将帅的军帐再也不能分开营垒，悲咽的金笳也已永远停吹了。“空分”、“已罢”，四字写出昔景的黯然难以淹留。既然古战场遗下了残灰。遗下了英雄的战骨，玉帐成空，金笳已罢，那就说明厮杀斗争，恩仇荣辱，一切都成过去，于是，词人不禁废然道：“东风回首尽成非，不道兴亡命也，岂人为”。“东风回首”，出自李煜《虞美人》词“小楼昨夜又东风，故国不堪回首月明中”，此处是说如今回首前朝往事，但觉物是人非，事事皆休。所以，词人最终感言，兴亡之理，不在人为，而在乎天命，遂见纳兰词哀伤风骨。
在那片八旗子弟抛头颅、洒热血的战场上，容若既不缅怀“开国英雄”的功烈，更不悲歌慷慨，从中吸取振奋精神的力量，却在那里冷冷清清忧优戚戚地寻寻觅觅。这种行径，还真颇有点“不肖子孙”的意味。
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王昌龄《
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从军行二首》
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司空图《
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河湟有感》
纳兰性德简介
唐代·纳兰性德的简介
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纳兰性德（1655－1685），满洲人，字容若，号楞伽山人，清代最著名词人之一。其诗词“纳兰词”在清代以至整个中国词坛上都享有很高的声誉，在中国文学史上也占有光采夺目的一席。他生活于满汉融合时期，其贵族家庭兴衰具有关联于王朝国事的典型性。虽侍从帝王，却向往经历平淡。特殊的生活环境背景，加之个人的超逸才华，使其诗词创作呈现出独特的个性和鲜明的艺术风格。流传至今的《木兰花令·拟古决绝词》——“人生若只如初见，何事秋风悲画扇？等闲变却故人心，却道故人心易变。”富于意境，是其众多代表作之一。
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