塞上曲二首
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唐代]：戴叔伦
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军门频纳受降书，一剑横行万里馀。
汉祖谩夸娄敬策，却将公主嫁单于。
汉家旌帜满阴山，不遣胡儿匹马还。
愿得此身长报国，何须生入玉门关。
塞上曲二首鉴赏
戴叔纶的《塞上曲》共两首，为七言绝句。这两首诗少有被同选的，多是选了第二首。至于为什么，不妨将这两首统一说完后再做分析。（一）中提到了个娄敬。这娄敬是汉初时人。他最早一个劝说后来的高帝刘邦建都长安，占得地利之优，因此被赐以刘姓，且封为建信侯。后称之为刘敬。汉初那个时候匈奴兵强，他曾提出和亲之策，并迁徙原六国贵族后代及豪强大族十万余人充实关中（今东西横贯陕西、北经西安的渭河流域地区），以增实力。历史对其当时的这个举措是肯定的。但此诗对这个故事是持否定态度的。该诗先在上一联赞颂了武力靖边、匈奴归降的一剑横行之功，而后是讽刺汉高祖刘邦诈夸娄敬的和亲之策，卑下地将汉之公主嫁与匈奴王单于。搞清了这是一首和亲靖边的讽刺诗，也就弄清了为何屡屡被漏选。原来人们对边事的处置天然的存有尚武意识，也天然的鄙视和亲靖边，似乎那是一种掉大价的举动。（二）则较之（一）浅明了许多，只是里面也有一典故，就是“生入玉门关”。这“生入玉门关”原本是定远候班超的句子，是说班超出使西域30多年，老时思归乡里，上书言“臣不敢望到九泉郡，但愿生入玉门关”。班超30年驻使西域，为国家民族鞠躬尽瘁，老而思乡求返，本无可咎。但以戴叔纶之见，班超的爱国主义还是不够彻底---他不应提出“生入玉门关”，也无须提出“生入玉门关”，安心报国是了。戴叔纶的爱国之切是好的，义无返顾也是好的，但放到班超这个实际例子上看，总觉得不是那么太近人情。知道了这个典故，全诗也就没啥费解的了。前一联讲的是汉家重兵接敌，对胡兵一骑都不会放过。而后就是方才说过的那个典故---不回玉门关了，以必死信念战胜胡兵，报国靖边以宁。我以为，戴诗同前人述志慷慨的边塞诗风一体同出，大都是吟咏壮士一去不复还的豪言志向，至于时代特征的分析、判断及有关主张，则稍嫌抽象，倘如不将上诗注为唐中期的戴诗，而随便说成为别个时代的，也是很难提出疑问来的。
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张敬忠《
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边词》
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陈羽《
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从军行》
戴叔伦简介
唐代·戴叔伦的简介
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戴叔伦(732—789)，唐代诗人，字幼公（一作次公），润州金坛(今属江苏)人。年轻时师事萧颖士。曾任新城令、东阳令、抚州刺史、容管经略使。晚年上表自请为道士。其诗多表现隐逸生活和闲适情调，但《女耕田行》、《屯田词》等篇也反映了人民生活的艰苦。论诗主张“诗家之景，如蓝田日暖，良玉生烟，可望而不可置于眉睫之前”。其诗体裁皆有所涉猎。
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