送客之江西
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唐代]:郑锡
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乘轺奉紫泥,泽国渺天涯。
九派春潮满,孤帆暮雨低。
草深莺断续,花落水东西。
更有高堂处,知君路不迷。
送客之江西鉴赏
对于行人来说,在春光明媚时节奉使江南,是一次游历的好机会,况且又可以顺路探亲,一举两得,实乃好事。故这首诗里没有一般送行诗中常见的那种沉郁、缠绵的情调。
一、二两句说明他此行的使命和去向。轺,使者乘坐的车辆。紫泥,古人书信用泥封,泥上加盖印章,皇帝的诏书用紫泥,这里即指诏书。第一句等于说:他是奉朝廷之命去出使的。去的地方是“泽国渺天涯”,是到那遥远的水乡泽国去。
唐代从长安到江西,先走陆路,经商洛,出武关,到襄阳,然后即可乘船,经汉水,下长江。“九派春潮满,孤帆暮雨低”,三、四句设想他在大江中行船的情景。九派,长江流至九江,分成九道支流,所谓“江到浔阳九派分”(皇甫冉诗句)。春天桃花水发,长江水位很高,看上去好象置身于水的世界一样。“九派春潮满”,虽然不加夸张,但春潮涌动,江水浩渺的景象历历在目。而在这浩瀚无边的水的世界里,一叶孤舟正在暮雨中缓缓飘浮。江面的阔大正衬托出行人的孤单。诗人没有正面抒写自己的别情,而别情已在景中。这一联对仗工整,状物入微。沈德潜说:“著雨则帆重,体物之妙,在一低字。”(《唐诗别裁》卷十一)
“草深莺断续,花落水东西”,上一联是从大处着眼,这一联是从细处落笔;上一联侧重于行程,这一联则侧重于玩赏。江南的春光美,江南的春意浓。南朝梁文学家丘迟在代临川王写的《与陈伯之书》里曾这样写道:“暮春三月,江南草长,杂花生树,群莺乱飞。”以故乡的春色规劝当时为北魏效力的陈伯之归降,而且终于达到了目的。江南春的魅力,由此可见一斑。“草深”二句,正是化用了梁朝丘迟的文句,但显得更为流畅明丽。
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杨炯《
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夜送赵纵》
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苏轼《
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送金山乡僧归蜀开堂》
郑锡简介
唐代·郑锡的简介
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[唐]郑锡,登宝应进士第。宝历间,为礼部员外。诗风朴实,擅长五律,《全唐诗》存诗十首。有传世名句“河清海晏,时和岁丰” ,此句出自其《日中有王子赋》。
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