重别周尚书
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南北朝]：庾信
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重别周尚书译文及注释
译文
阳关与故国相隔万里之遥，年年盼望却至今不能南归。
只有黄河岸边南来的大雁，秋天一到仍可以自由南飞。
注释
庾信有《咏怀二十七首》，这首诗篇原列第七首。周尚书：即周弘正（496—574），字思行，汝南安城（今河南平舆县）人，周颚之孙。梁元帝时为左户尚书，魏平江陵，逃归建业。
阳关：在今甘肃敦煌市西，汉朝时地属边陲，这里代指长安。万里：指长安与南朝相去甚远。
一人：庾（yǔ）信自指。
河：指黄河。
南向：向着南方。
重别周尚书创作背景
庾信与周弘正曾同在梁朝为臣，江陵失陷之日，大批江南名士如王褒、王克、沈炯等，都被俘送长安。560年，周、陈南北通好，陈朝即要求北周放还王褒、庾信等十数人，但是别人都陆续遣归了，只有王褒、庾信羁留不遣。周弘正南归时庾信赠诗相送，这是其中的一首。
参考资料：
1、上海辞书出版社．《汉魏六朝诗鉴赏辞典》：上海辞书出版社，1991年：第178页
重别周尚书鉴赏
诗的开头写自己独留长安不得南返的悲哀。阳关，在今甘肃敦煌县西南，自古与玉门关同为通往西域的必经之地。庾信在这里是借用，因为阳关已成了“大道”的代称，如同我们把“阳关道”与“独木桥”对举。诗中的“阳关万里道”是喻指长安与金陵之间的交通要道。下旬“不见一人归”的“一人”指庾信自己而言，这二句说在长安至金陵的阳关大道上，有多少南北流离之士已经归还故国了。只有我一人不能归故土，这是令人伤心的事。
“惟有河边雁，秋来南向飞”两句，“河边雁”喻指友人周弘正，这不是眼前的实景，而是一种虚拟，是庾信的内心感觉借助外物的一种表现形式。前已指出，庾、周分别是在早春，这时不可能出现秋雁南飞的实景，即使九尽春回，也只能看到鸿雁北去的景象。这两句诗有两层含义：一是把周弘正的返陈比作南归之雁，大有羡慕弘正回南之意；二是鸿雁秋去春来，来去自由，而自己却丧失了这种自由，以见自己不如鸿雁。沈德潜评这首诗说“从子山时势地位想之，愈见可悲。”这是知人论世之见，于诗歌鉴赏尤为重要。
此诗表现手法有两个特点：一是借代手法，开头即用“阳关万里道”借指长安至金陵的交通大道。此种手法增加了诗的含蓄美。另一艺术手法是虚拟，“惟有河边雁，秋来南向飞”两句便是虚拟的景物，这种带象喻性的虚拟，使诗歌形象的含蕴更加丰富。可以想见，庾信在长安看到秋去春来的大雁已经二十多个春秋了，他自己不如大雁来去自由的感受已经隐藏多年了。送友人南归时，这种多年积淀在心头的情感一触即发，其内涵非三言两语所能说尽。只有细味庾信的良苦用心，才能欣赏此诗谋篇遣词之妙。
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梅尧臣《
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东城送运判马察院》
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王勃《
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送卢主簿》
庾信简介
唐代·庾信的简介
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庾信（513—581）字子山，小字兰成，北周时期人。南阳新野（今属河南）人。他以聪颖的资质，在梁这个南朝文学的全盛时代积累了很高的文学素养，又来到北方，以其沉痛的生活经历丰富了创作的内容，并多少接受了北方文化的某些因素，从而形成自己的独特面貌。
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