于王抚军座送客
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魏晋]：陶渊明
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秋日凄且厉，百卉具已腓。
爰以履霜节，登高饯将归。
寒气冒山泽，游云倏无依。
洲渚四缅邈，风水互乖违。
瞻夕欣良宴，离言聿云悲。
晨鸟暮来还，悬车敛馀辉。
逝止判殊路，旋驾怅迟迟。
目送回舟远，情随万化遗。
于王抚军座送客译文及注释
译文
秋天的景象凄清而且萧肃，百草都已经枯萎衰颓。
于是在霜露降落的九月，登高饯别送友人去外地上任。
肃肃的寒气笼罩着山涧，游云飘忽不定无所依傍。
遥望水中洲渚似乎是很缥缈的景象，风向与水流的方向相违背。
眺望暮景又很欣喜逢见这样的盛筵，离别的话语使人感到伤悲。
早晨飞去的乌儿傍晚已经飞回来了，太阳渐渐收敛起余下的光辉。
过去的人和留下的人道路完全不同，调转我的车马，无限惆怅地缓缓走在回去的路上。
眼看归去的小船越行越远，心情随着万物的变化而变化，紧紧相随。
注释
王抚军：王弘，义熙十四年（418年），王弘以抚军将军监江州、豫州之西阳、新蔡二郡诸军事，任江州刺史。客：指庾登之和谢瞻。庾登之：原任西阳太守，此次征人为太子庶子、尚书左丞。谢瞻：原任相国从事中郎，此次赴任豫章大守，途经得阳。
凄且厉：凄凉而且肃杀。
百卉（huì）：百草。腓（féi）：草木枯萎。
爰（yuán）：于是。履（lǚ）霜节：指九月。
饯（jiàn）：设酒食送行。归：将要离去之人，指庾登之、谢瞻。
冒：覆盖。
倏（shū）：忽然，疾速。
洲渚（zhǔ）：水中陆地。缅（miǎn）邈（miǎo）：遥远的样子。
风水互乖违：风向与水流方向相反。乖违：违背，分离。
瞻（zhān）夕：傍晚。欣良宴：宴会中的气氛令人高兴。
离言：离别之辞。聿（yù）：语助词。
悬车：黄昏之前。敛余晖：夕阳渐收余光。
逝止：谓行者与留者留。判：判然，分别。
旋驾：回车。迟迟：缓慢的样子。
回舟：归去之舟。
万化：宇宙自然之变化。遗（yí）：遗落，消失。
参考资料：
1、傅东华选注；王莞菁校订．陶渊明诗：长江出版传媒，崇文书局，2014.09：第58页
2、（晋）陶渊明著；夏华等编译．陶渊明集 图文版：万卷出版公司，2013.01：第82-84页
于王抚军座送客创作背景
《于王抚军座送客》约作于南朝宋永初二年（421年）深秋。这年，庾登之入京都，谢瞻赴豫章（今江西南昌），王弘在溢口（今九江市西）为他们设宴送别。陶渊明亦应邀在座，此诗便是当时所作。
参考资料：
1、（晋）陶渊明著；夏华等编译．陶渊明集 图文版：万卷出版公司，2013.01：第82-84页
于王抚军座送客鉴赏
“秋日凄且厉，百卉具已腓。爰以履霜节，登高饯将归”，陶渊明于秋天的诗常常是豁达的，独在此诗中的秋天显得格外凄凉肃杀，细究其原委，也能略知其一二。陶渊明此次参加王弘的宴请时本来就面色苍白，身体虚弱，席间又婉拒王弘以名贵药材相赠的好意。强支病体送客是其心境萧疏的一个原因，虽然是送他们为官赴任，但渊明所重的是彼此间的友情。重要的还有这是刘宋新朝的第一个秋天，在陶渊明看来，自然是凄风苦雨。“寒气冒山泽，游云倏无依。洲渚四缅邈，风水互乖违。瞻夕欣良宴，离言聿云悲”，在双重感伤的压力下，陶渊明的心情黯淡，看着山涧中的寒气云蒸而起，孤独的游云四处飘荡，无所依傍，水中洲渚虽寄托了无尽的缅邈情思，无奈终将人各两地，丰盛的送别晚宴上，浸满了离别的哀伤。最后写到清晨飞出的鸟儿陆续回巢，夕阳渐渐收起最后一抹余辉。离别时间已到，最终席中之人“醉不成欢惨将别”，各奔前程。“目送回舟远，情随万化遗”，注目行舟渐行渐远，最终也不过是这份感情随着自然变化而暗淡以趋于消亡。尽管此时心情颇为沉重，但诗人性格中达观的一面又在结尾处表现出来，在一个连死都不以为意的达观者那里，更不会为离别所累。
这首诗层次秩然，共四层：时间（兼点题）、地点、宴会、离别。前八句景语，后八句情语，淡而有味。诗人将诗中将凄厉肃杀的秋景同感伤悲愁的别绪融为一处，层层渲染，情感真挚，既表达又惜别之情，也传达出诗人旷达的情怀。
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陶渊明《
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于王抚军座送客》
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侯寘《
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四犯令·月破轻云天淡注》
陶渊明简介
唐代·陶渊明的简介
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陶渊明（约365年—427年），字元亮，（又一说名潜，字渊明）号五柳先生，私谥“靖节”，东晋末期南朝宋初期诗人、文学家、辞赋家、散文家。汉族，东晋浔阳柴桑人（今江西九江）。曾做过几年小官，后辞官回家，从此隐居，田园生活是陶渊明诗的主要题材，相关作品有《饮酒》、《归园田居》、《桃花源记》、《五柳先生传》、《归去来兮辞》等。
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