清江引·弃微名去来心快哉
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元代]:贯云石
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弃微名去来心快哉,一笑白云外。知音三五人,痛饮何妨碍?醉袍袖舞嫌天地窄。
清江引·弃微名去来心快哉译文及注释
译文
抛弃那微不足道的名位,归隐后多么畅快,笑声传到白云外。三五个知心朋友相聚,无所顾忌地开怀痛饮又有什么妨碍?酒足饭饱后挥袖起舞,只嫌天地太窄。
注释
清江引:曲牌名。南曲属仙吕入双调;北曲又叫《江儿水》,属双调。五句。字数定格为七、五、五、五、七。多用为小令。
微名:微不足道的名声。这里指作者视功名权力如浮尘。去来:源于陶渊明的《归去来兮辞》,指归隐。
白云:比喻归隐。
知音三五人:典出《论语》。三五,本是约数,表示人数不多。
清江引·弃微名去来心快哉创作背景
贯云石在任翰林学士期间,对朝廷险恶的政治斗争有深刻的了解。他在元仁宗延祐元年(1314年) “称疾辞还江南”,结束官场生涯,即为此故。此曲是作者于延祐元年(1314年)辞官之后在南游途中所作,写于作者辞官初至杭州之时。
参考资料:
1、墙峻峰等注评.元曲三百首:长江文艺出版社,2015.07:第114页
2、田宝琴.诗词曲赋名作鉴赏大辞典 词曲赋卷:北岳文艺出版社,1989年12月第1版:第798页-第796页
清江引·弃微名去来心快哉鉴赏
此曲开头便以“弃微名去来心快哉”直陈主题。视功名为微名,体现了其不追名逐利的性格态度。“弃”是主动放弃,贯云石本是将门勋臣的后裔,年纪尚轻便仕途畅达,将来必定大有作为,他却选择了急流勇退,毅然辞官而去,这种与众不同的选择,自然比平常人的境界要高出一等。
接着,“一笑白云外”正是对“心快哉”的进一层阐释。此时,作者已摆脱了丑恶官场,身处“白云外”,即回归田园,乐享自然之趣。这对于热爱自由的贯云石而言,的确值得放声“一笑”。这五个字承接上文,语气短促,畅快淋漓。
“知音三五人”句中隐含了作者辞官后南游路上与志同道合之人相遇相知之事,其中包括他在梁山泊与渔翁吟诗夜话,在普陀山同诗僧鲁山共赋美景,与各路知音诗酒唱和。摆脱世俗桎梏,回归本性,又兼有好友相伴,自然生起“痛饮何妨碍”的豪兴。这几句描写环环相扣,意境浑成,充分展现了作者的自在与痛快。而最后一句“醉袍袖舞嫌天地窄”夸张而不张扬,体现了作者率真自然、豪迈奔放的性情。这种酒后流露真性情的描写,更显出作者对自由的追求。
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贯云石简介
唐代·贯云石的简介
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