观胡人吹笛
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唐代]：李白
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胡人吹玉笛，一半是秦声。
十月吴山晓，梅花落敬亭。
愁闻出塞曲，泪满逐臣缨。
却望长安道，空怀恋主情。
观胡人吹笛译文及注释
译文
胡人吹奏着玉笛，大都是秦地的音声。
十月吴山的清晓，一曲《梅花》落到敬亭。
愁苦中听到《出塞》的乐曲，泪水顿流，沾湿了我的帽缨。
回头遥望那通往长安的大道，可叹我空怀着眷恋君主的衷情。
注释
秦声：秦地之乐曲。《汉书·杨恽传》：“家本秦也，能为秦声。”
梅花：笛曲，亦称《梅花落》，属乐府之《横吹曲辞》。杨齐贤曰：古者，羌笛有《落梅花》曲。
敬亭：山名，在个安徽宣州市南。《舆地广记》：宣州宣城县有敬亭山。
出塞：占乐府名，亦属《横吹曲辞》。《古今注》：“横吹，胡乐也。张博望入西域，传其法于西京，唯得《摩诃》、《兜勒》二曲。李延年因胡曲更造新声二十八解。魏、晋以来二十八解不复具存，世用者《黄鹤》、《陇头》、《出关》、《入关》、《出塞》、《入塞》、《折杨柳》、《黄覃子》、《赤之阳》、《望行人》十曲。”
却望：再望，回望。
参考资料：
1、詹福瑞 等．李白诗全译．石家庄：河北人民出版社，1997：949
2、傅正谷选释．唐代音乐舞蹈杂技诗选释：人民音乐出版社，1991.03：33-34
观胡人吹笛创作背景
这首诗当作于天宝十二载（公元753年）。是年秋天，诗人由梁园来到宣城，曾与宣城宇文太守、崔侍御等人游乐唱和。
参考资料：
1、刘忆萱 王玉璋．李白诗选讲：辽宁人民出版社，1985年06月第1版：278-281
观胡人吹笛鉴赏
全诗即由观胡人吹笛，闻秦地之声，随寓而发眷恋宗国之情，或谓身在江海，而心存魏阙之意。
全诗一二两句点题，叙写感慨的由来，是因为胡人所演奏的笛子曲中，有一半是秦地的曲调，闻国都所在的秦地之声，撩动了忧国之情，从而为下面的叙事抒情作了必要的铺垫。接下四句即写所闻所感。三四两句侧重叙事，“十月”点明时间，“敬亭”点明观胡人吹笛的地点。“吴山晓”是写秋季肃爽，吴地的山丘更为疏朗。经过这两句交代叙写，“观胡人吹笛”一事的情况，读者就了然于心了。五六两句侧重抒情，抒写闻笛的的感受。诗人听了苍凉悲壮的《出塞》古曲，自然会联想起当时北部边境隐伏之患，忧国之心也就油然而生。一个“愁”字，道出了诗人对国家政治前途的担心。然而，自天宝三载遭谗被逐以来至今已近十年之久，在这十年之中，诗人眼看着国事日非，危机四伏，而自己却没有报国之路，作为被放逐的诗人来说他的心情是极其沉痛的。为此写出了“泪满逐臣缨”悲凉慷慨的诗句。更足以见诗人对国家的一腔忠愤。诗至此叙事抒情已经归结到了诗的主题。这就自然引出结尾两句的点睛之笔，“却望长安道，空怀恋主情”。言诗人闻笛以后，愁肠百转，起身遥望西入长安的大道，烟尘浩渺，深感国都遥远，融景生情，流露出诗人一片眷恋人主的苦情！“恋主情”三字之前冠以“空怀”二字，写尽了诗人忧愤之深。
全诗先点出“秦声”二字，继而写闻《出塞》曲以后的愁绪，最后归结到西望长安，空怀恋主之情。叙事抒情层次井然，结构完整。
这是一首五言古诗。于自然平淡之中又兼有一种苍凉激越的格调。所谓自然平淡，是从全诗的语言特点来说的。这首诗的语言既无夸张又无藻饰，诚是一派肺腑之言，所谓苍凉激越，是指诗句中寄寓的感情异常激烈。但是这种激烈的感情，又几经压抑，因而又有一种苍凉遒劲的况味。应该说这种特点是和诗人忧思之深分不开的。李白的五言诗，在其全集中所占的分量并不少。许多人往往只注意诗人的七言古诗、七言乐府以及七言绝句，因为那些诗大都表现了诗人奔腾咆哮、豪迈飘逸的风格特点，但对于他的五言古诗论者却不多。其实这也是应该加以研究的一个重要方面。
王阮亭《五言诗选凡例》中说：“唐五言古诗凡数变，约而举之：夺魏晋之风骨，变梁陈之俳优，陈伯玉之力最大，曲江公继之，太白又继之”。《居易录》也指出：“唐五言诗，杜甫沉郁，多出变调。李白、韦应物超然复古，然李诗有古调，有唐调，要须分别观之。”前人的这种观点首先指出了李白继陈子昂“复古”的大旗，一反梁、陈宫掖之风。同时又指出李白的五古，有古调、有唐调，这就是说，李白所提倡的复古并不是一味地走回头路，而是在恢复从《诗经》到建安文学的现实主义传统的基础上，继续向前开拓，要求诗应该发自真情，真率自然，不因袭别人，不伪饰造作，创造出一种“清水出芙蓉，天然去雕饰”的格调。由此可见，此诗既有“古调”，又有“唐调”，具有推陈出新的新诗风。
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钱起《
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省试湘灵鼓瑟》
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李贺《
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李凭箜篌引》
李白简介
唐代·李白的简介
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李白（701年－762年），字太白，号青莲居士，唐朝浪漫主义诗人，被后人誉为“诗仙”。祖籍陇西成纪(待考)，出生于西域碎叶城，4岁再随父迁至剑南道绵州。李白存世诗文千余篇，有《李太白集》传世。762年病逝，享年61岁。其墓在今安徽当涂，四川江油、湖北安陆有纪念馆。
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