虞美人·琵琶
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宋代]：苏轼
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定场贺老今何在，几度新声改。怨声坐使旧声阑，俗耳只知繁手，不须弹。
断弦试问谁能晓，七岁文姬小。试教弹作辊雷声，应有开元遗老，泪纵横。
虞美人·琵琶译文及注释
译文
唐天宝时的乐师贺老演奏雄风现在还在吗？当今的现实是一次又一次地把新声改了又改。令人发怨的新声自然迫使传统的乐曲衰落了，凡俗的听众们只认识手乱胡拨，不值得什么弹奏。
断了弦，声音变了哪个懂得？只有七岁的蔡文姬知道断了哪根弦。假使有人弹出高级的辊雷的声调，当会激起开元遗老这辈音乐高师们的热泪纵横。
注释
虞美人：词牌名，原为唐教坊曲，初咏项羽宠姬虞美人，因以为名。又名《一江春水》、《玉壶水》、《巫山十二峰》等。双调，五十六字，上下片各四句，皆为两仄韵转两平韵。
定场：指贺老琴艺出众，镇得住场子。贺老：贺怀智，唐开元时期著名乐工，擅弹琵琶。
新声改：改了的新声成为“俗耳”者乐声，较为低级。
怨声：令人烦怨的新声。坐：自然，无故，渐渐。旧声：传统而高雅的乐调。阑：残，消失，衰落。
俗耳：听惯尘世之声的耳朵，这里代指凡俗听众。
繁手：手指繁捻而累举如梳齿也，极言弹奏手很杂乱。
文姬：即蔡文姬，名琰（yǎn），陈留（令河南杞县）人，蔡邕之女，汉末女诗人。博学多才，通晓音律。琴曲歌辞《胡笳十八拍》名传后世。
试教：假使人。
辊（gǔn）雷声：如炸雷般的声调。
应有：应当会激起。开元：唐玄宗的年号（公元713 -741年）。遗老：经历过旧时而留恋旧时的人。
参考资料：
1、（宋）苏轼著；唐玲玲注释．增订注释苏轼词．北京：文化艺术出版社，1999年1月：139
2、朱靖华、饶学刚、王文龙、饶晓明．苏轼词新释辑评．北京：中国书店出版社，2007年1月：617-619
虞美人·琵琶创作背景
苏轼家中藏有唐开元时雷琴一类的珍贵乐器。宋神宗元丰四年（1081年）六月，陈季常从岐亭来访苏轼，苏轼拿出珍贵乐器让会客中善琴者弹之，引起苏轼的旧思后作该词。
参考资料：
1、朱靖华、饶学刚、王文龙、饶晓明．苏轼词新释辑评．北京：中国书店出版社，2007年1月：617-619
虞美人·琵琶鉴赏
上片，怀古伤今，嘲讽“俗耳”者们对传统乐曲的低级欣赏水平。“定场贺老今何在。”以发问的句式，感叹为群众喜闻乐听的圈场乐声到哪里去了？高级的琵琶演奏师贺老而今安在哉？“几度新声改，怨声坐使旧声阑”，进一步写传统的高雅“旧声”被改得面目全非了。这些所谓的“新声”而今成为“怨声”了。“今何在”写今非昔比，“几度”写改“新声”没有限度，“旧声阑”写传统乐曲衰落的命运。“俗耳只知繁手，不须弹”，“俗耳”者们占领了当时的乐坛，“繁手”乱拨，谈不上用什么演奏场了。“只知”、“不须”，无情地嘲笑了传统乐风日下，到了“无知”和“低微”的程度。
下片，弃怨转赞，以古论今，优秀传统的乐曲是会永存的。“断弦试问谁能晓，七岁文姬小”，从辨声者的角度说，真正知音者幼如文姬。“试教弹作辊雷声，应有开元遗老，泪纵横”，进深一层，从欣赏者的角度说，真正知音者还有老如开元遗老。“试问”，实是不须问，知音者们谁都能晓，“试教”，实是不须教，高手一弹必然发出“辊雷”之声。“开元遗老”是传统乐曲的继承者和传授者，是民族极为宝贵的社会财富。“旧声”竟能使他们感动得“热泪纵横”，会为民族的传世经典乐曲而自豪。
全词，名写琵琶，实有寓意。批判了“俗耳”、“繁手”的“新声”，肯定了“贺老”、“文姬”、“开元遗老”的“旧声”，是借以对变法重新作出自己的评判。“几度”“繁手”的新法改革，导致一些合理的政治策略和治国方略也一并“阑”败衰落，“贺老”、“文姬”、“开元遗老”式的苏轼们“怨声”载道？如若有此寓意，对弘扬传统治国之策不无借鉴意义，但一味反对变法则是不可取的，这也反映了苏轼思想的局限性。
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张可久《
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金字经·胡琴》
苏轼简介
唐代·苏轼的简介
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苏轼（1037－1101），北宋文学家、书画家、美食家。字子瞻，号东坡居士。汉族，四川人，葬于颍昌（今河南省平顶山市郏县）。一生仕途坎坷，学识渊博，天资极高，诗文书画皆精。其文汪洋恣肆，明白畅达，与欧阳修并称欧苏，为“唐宋八大家”之一；诗清新豪健，善用夸张、比喻，艺术表现独具风格，与黄庭坚并称苏黄；词开豪放一派，对后世有巨大影响，与辛弃疾并称苏辛；书法擅长行书、楷书，能自创新意，用笔丰腴跌宕，有天真烂漫之趣，与黄庭坚、米芾、蔡襄并称宋四家；画学文同，论画主张神似，提倡“士人画”。著有《苏东坡全集》和《东坡乐府》等。
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