弈秋
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]:孟子及弟子
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孟子曰:“无或乎王之不智也。虽有天下易生之物也,一日暴之,十日寒之,未有能生者也。吾见亦罕矣,吾退而寒之者至矣,吾如有萌焉何哉?今夫弈之为数,小数也;不专心致志。则不得也。弈秋,通国之善奕者也。使弈秋诲二人弈,其一人专心致志,惟弈秋之为听。一人虽听之,一心以为有鸿鹄将至,思援弓缴而射之,虽与之俱学,弗若之矣,为是其智弗若与?曰:非然也。”
弈秋译文及注释
译文
孟子说:“对于君王的不聪明,不必奇怪。即使有天下最容易生长的东西,(如果)晒它一天,冻它十天,没有能生长的。我见君王的次数很少,我一离开他,那些给他泼冷水的人马上又围上去了,(这样,)我对他刚有的那点善心的萌芽又能怎么样呢?(好比下棋,)下棋作为技艺,是小技艺;不专心致志,就学不到手。 奕秋是全国的下棋圣手,让他教两个人下棋。一个人专心专意,只听奕秋的话。另一个呢,虽然听着,但心里却想着有只天鹅快要飞来,要拿起弓箭去射它。这样,即使跟人家一道学习,他的成绩也一定不如人家的。是因为他的聪明不如人家吗?自然不是这样的。
注释
孟子,名轲,字子舆东周战国时期伟大的思想家、教育家、政治家、文学家。
无或:不值得奇怪。或:同“惑”,奇怪。
易生:容易生长。
暴(pù):同“曝”,晒。
罕:少。
如……何:对……怎么样。
弈:围棋。
数:技术,技巧。
秋,人名,因他善于下棋,所以称为弈秋。
通:整个,全部。
之:的。
善:善于,擅长做…的人。
使:假使。
诲:教导。
以为:认为,觉得。
鸿鹄(hú):天鹅。
将至:将要到来。
思:想。
援:拿起。
缴(zhuó):系在箭上的绳,代箭。
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