咏怀八十二首·其七十九
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魏晋]：阮籍
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清朝饮醴泉，日夕栖山冈。
高鸣彻九州，延颈望八荒。
适逢商风起，羽翼自摧藏。
一去昆仑西，何时复回翔。
咏怀八十二首·其七十九译文及注释
译文
树林里有一只奇异的鸟，它自言是凤凰鸟。
凤凰清晨饮用甘甜的泉水，黄昏时栖息在高高的山冈
凤凰鸟高声鸣叫响彻九州，伸长头颈眺望八荒那僻远的地方
恰好遇到秋风吹起，它把自己的羽翼破坏藏拙起来
凤凰鸟一离开林中飞往昆仑山的西边，什么时候才能再飞翔回来啊。
只遗憾凤凰鸟处在不恰当的位置，这让我内心非常悲伤。
注释
商风：秋风。
怆悢：悲伤。
醴泉 <lǐquán>
释名: 亦名甘泉。泉水略有淡酒味。参见《尔雅.释天》“甘雨时降，万物以嘉，谓之醴泉”
《瑞应图》说：常饮醴泉，令人长寿。《东观记》说：常饮醴泉，可除痼疾(久病)。
醴泉:养生术语。谓口中津液。《黄庭内景经·口为章第三》务成子注：“口中津液……一名醴泉。”《医心方》卷二七“用气第四”：“唾者凑为醴泉。”
咏怀八十二首·其七十九创作背景
公元239年，魏明帝曹叡死，太子曹芳即位，年八岁，曹爽、司马懿掌文武大权，从此曹魏政权与司马氏集团开始了尖锐的斗争。 在此期间，大量士人被杀，在极端黑暗恐怖中的广大士人处于惶惶不可终日的境地，其文学创作时时流露出这种忧惧心态。
咏怀八十二首·其七十九鉴赏
诗中“清朝饮醴泉，日夕栖山冈。高鸣彻九州，延颈望八荒”四句体现了“凰”高洁（或“超然脱俗”、“清高傲世”)的品性。这首诗整体上运用了托物言志（或“比兴”、“象征”）的表现手法，以凤凰自喻，抒发了诗人孤独无奈的苦闷心情和壮志难酬（或“报国无门”）的悲伤情怀。根据凤凰“饮醴泉”、“栖山冈”、“彻九州”、“望八荒”的举动，可以判断出凤凰志向远大、高洁。显然作者以凤凰自比（自况），根据它的心情“催藏”、“恨”、“心伤”几个词及伤心的原因的描写“高鸣彻九州，延颈望八荒”和“一去昆仑西，何时复回翔。但恨处非位，怆悢使心伤”可以推知，作者是孤独苦闷、壮志难酬。
阮籍的《咏怀诗》历来被誉为“旷代绝作”,同时也是绝对的难解之作,“百代之下,难以情测”。而飞鸟则是《咏怀诗》中最重要的诗歌意象，它们是阮籍主体人格的诗性外化，各种飞鸟意象体现着阮籍隐晦难测的内心世界。
阮籍的八十二首《咏怀诗》，直接用飞鸟意象者29首，间接用者13首，总计42首。这些飞鸟意象的渊源，可追溯至《国风》、《离骚》、《庄子》、《山海经》。《国风》中的自然物象，多用以起兴；《离骚》的美人香草、俊鸟恶禽，多具象征意味，或以之刺激奸邪，或以之寓己高洁之志；《庄子》中的飞鸟意象，则多寓示不同的精神境界。而阮籍《咏怀诗》中的飞鸟意象，则三种意义皆有：他时而以俊鸟如凤凰、玄鹤寓其高洁之志和现实追求；时而以高鸟如鸿鹄、海鸟寄其逍遥之梦；时而借孤鸟寒鸟起兴，写其孤苦之思。各种不同的飞鸟意象，折射出阮籍不同的心理侧面，最终建构了阮籍复杂、矛盾的多重人格。《咏怀诗》第一首云：“徘徊将何见，忧思独伤心。”“徘徊”二字，既为八十二首《咏怀诗》奠定了基调，也反映了阮籍和其他竹林名士共同的人格特点。
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庄子及门徒《
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秋水(节选)》
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陶渊明《
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归鸟·其二》
阮籍简介
唐代·阮籍的简介
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阮籍(210～263)，三国魏诗人。字嗣宗。陈留（今属河南）尉氏人。竹林七贤之一，是建安七子之一阮瑀的儿子。曾任步兵校尉，世称阮步兵。崇奉老庄之学，政治上则采谨慎避祸的态度。阮籍是“正始之音”的代表，著有《咏怀》、《大人先生传》等。
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凄凉遗迹洛川东，浮世荣枯万古同。桃李香消金谷在，
绮罗魂断玉楼空。往年人事伤心外，今日风光属梦中。
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宋一鸿
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良夜迢迢低玉绳，望双星。罗衣偷卸若为情，细叮咛。
拗住银钩红烛背，悄无声。是何意态意怦怦。问卿卿。
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明代：
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南滇六月朱夏凉，叠叠云岚浮晓光。林花含笑远天静，江草唤愁终日长。
阑风伏雨淹客路，回谷深溪非我乡。城隅隔手不相见，车马经过淋潦妨。