水调歌头·落日塞垣路
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宋代]：黄庭坚
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落日塞垣路，风劲戛貂裘。翩翩数骑闲猎，深入黑山头。极目平沙千里，惟见雕弓白羽，铁面骏骅骝。隐隐望青冢，特地起闲愁。
汉天子，方鼎盛，四百州。玉颜皓齿，深锁三十六宫秋。堂有经纶贤相，边有纵横谋将，不减翠蛾羞。戎虏和乐也，圣主永无忧。
水调歌头·落日塞垣路译文及注释
译文
塞外的太阳已经落下了，狂风呼啸地袭卷着人们身着的战袍。几位兵士带着弓箭，策马深入黑山头。极目远眺，茫茫千里黄沙，一望无际，空旷的天地里只有几位行猎的好手携雕弓，佩白羽，表情严肃，如风驰电掣般策马飞奔。隐隐约约竟仿佛望见了夜色里的昭君陵，心里波澜起伏。
汉家天子正当青春年盛，汉家天下幅员辽阔，洋洋四百州，民殷国富。然而，天子竟不能凭借实力巩固国防，靠一位苦命的宫女去“和蕃”。朝堂上不是没有经天纬地的奇才，边境上更不缺少镇守一方的良将，可“和蕃”一事还是照例进行，将天下社稷的安危托付于一女子之手，这是多么可悲的事？如今边疆地区太平、和睦，皇上也可以高枕无忧了。
注释
塞垣：边防城池。戛（jiá荚）：敲击。
翩翩：轻快地来往奔驰。黑山：在今内蒙古自治区和林格尔西北。
极目：放眼，一眼望不到边。雕弓：古代雕、雕相通，雕弓，可以解释为射雕的弓，也可以说是雕刻过花纹的弓，这里与白羽并列恐为后者。白羽：尾部缠有白色羽毛的箭。铁面：战马所带铁制面具，用以保护马的头部。骏（jùn俊）：对好马的美称。骅骝，周穆王的八骏之一，这里代指强壮快速的骏马。
青冢（zhǒng肿）：汉王昭君墓。冢：隆起的坟墓。塞外千里白沙，相形之下，山、水、草，显得特别墨绿，所以长有青草的王昭君墓称青冢，山称黑山。特地：特别。
汉天子：指汉元帝，是他遣王昭君嫁给匈奴。方鼎（dǐng顶）盛：正当富强兴盛的时候。四百州：汉代州的范围很大，全国才只有十几个州。宋代府下设州，范围小得多，最多时全国也不到300个州，这里作者是用宋代政区概念来说明汉元帝时领地的广阔。
玉颜：美玉一样的容貌。皓齿：洁白的牙齿。玉颜皓齿代指美丽的宫女们。深锁三十六宫秋：被关在深宫里度过凄凉的春秋。汉有36所离宫别馆。秋是凄凉冷寞的象征。
堂：古代宫廷，前为堂，后为室。堂即庙堂朝堂，引申为朝廷。经纶：整理丝缕，引申为处理国家大事。贤相：品德好、才能强的宰相。边：边防前线。纵横谋将：智勇双全的将军。翠娥：黛眉，指王昭君。羞：蒙受远嫁匈奴的耻辱。
戎：古代对西北方面的少数民族统称为戎。这里指匈奴。虏：对敌人的蔑称。圣主：对皇帝美化的称呼。
参考资料：
1、蒋学浚编著．历代爱国诗词鉴赏．北京：石油工业出版社，2001：104-105
2、王德先主编．宋词鉴赏大典 第1卷：吉林大学出版社，2009.07：第28页
水调歌头·落日塞垣路创作背景
本词分上下两片，上片描写在边境前沿外出打猎，隐隐约约地望见昭君墓，引发了他的“闲愁”。“闲愁”是什么？就是他在下片中所发的感慨。表面上是议论汉天子，不应当让王昭君这个弱女子冤家蒙羞。实际上作者是借古讽今，批评宋朝廷的屈辱求和的对外政策。
水调歌头·落日塞垣路鉴赏
词的上片主要描写边地骑兵驰骋射猎的雄壮场面。古人每以“猎”指称战事，“闲猎”实际就是进行军事操练。落日、劲风渲染出紧张的战斗氛围．平沙千里提供了辽阔的习武场景，弓箭骏马烘托出骑士的讽爽英姿。循此理路当展开对国力军威的铺陈，高扬英雄主义的风采。不料“隐隐”以下折人了由昭君的青冢引起的“闲愁”，其实此“愁”不但非“闲”，相反是对国运的深长忧思。下片即是其所思的内容．在堂皇的颂词下蕴含着辛辣的讽刺。皇帝贵为天子，统有天下，后官佳丽，供其享用；庙堂有治国的贤相，边疆有善谋的良将：没想到国家的安定却要靠小女子的和亲换来。“不减”一句将此前的堂堂国威全部扫却，其犀利简直使大宋君臣无地自容。结尾二句又复归歌功颂德之词，极尽椰榆挖苦，矛头直指皇帝。回观上片所写的骑射场景，可知它只是词人的想象之境，现实的情况
是君王纵乐、文恬武嬉，边备废弛，只能以割地赔款来求得苟安于一时。有鉴于此，词人才会以下计大段的讽刺感慨系之，以与上片的理想之境构成强烈对比。
值得指出的是，联系山谷所处的时代背景，他的讽刺矛头是直接指向变法派的。这‘时期的诗歌中山谷表现出与当政者断然不合作的态度，时露鄙夷讥讽，其例证彰彰具在，可以参观。尤其可堪玩味的是，王安石有咏阳君的《明好曲》”首，当时和者甚众。山谷由昭君这热门话题而兴感作词，也在情理之中。王安钉在诗中称“人生失意无南北”、“汉恩自浅胡自深”，在安石可能是要故作惊址骇俗之论，而这或许也是引发山谷深思的触煤之一吧。
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贺铸《
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问歌颦（雨中花令）》
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辛弃疾《
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贺新郎》
黄庭坚简介
唐代·黄庭坚的简介
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黄庭坚（1045.8.9-1105.5.24），字鲁直，号山谷道人，晚号涪翁，洪州分宁（今江西省九江市修水县）人，北宋著名文学家、书法家，为盛极一时的江西诗派开山之祖，与杜甫、陈师道和陈与义素有“一祖三宗”（黄庭坚为其中一宗）之称。与张耒、晁补之、秦观都游学于苏轼门下，合称为“苏门四学士”。生前与苏轼齐名，世称“苏黄”。著有《山谷词》，且黄庭坚书法亦能独树一格，为“宋四家”之一。
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宋代：
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荆州持大橘，亦自名黄柑。
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宋代：
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范祖禹
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洛社瞻贤躅，书筵继老成。声容陪夙昔，论议想平生。
节与盘山峻，名随沇水清。草堂空旧隐，松月为谁明。