点绛唇·十月二日马上作
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清代]：龚自珍
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一帽红尘，行来韦杜人家北。满城风色，漠漠楼台隔。
目送飞鸿，景入长天灭。关山绝，乱云千叠，江北江南雪。
点绛唇·十月二日马上作译文及注释
译文
帽上积着城市中的风尘，我来到都城的城北。城中正刮着大风，卷起尘土，满城都漠漠一片，人家的楼台隔着尘土，模糊不清。
我仰望飞雁，直到雁影消失在遥远的天空中。天边的山脉一线，云层重重叠叠，要下雪了，这雪花将洒遍大江南北。
注释
点绛唇：词牌名，四十一字，上片三仄韵，下片四仄韵。《清真集》入“仙吕调”，元北曲同，但平仄句式略异，今京剧中犹常用之。
一帽：暗用“侧帽”典。《周书·独孤信传》：“（独孤）信在秦州，尝因猎，日暮，驰马入城，其帽微侧。吉旦，而吏民有戴帽者，咸慕信而侧帽焉。其为邻境及士庶所重如此。”本处取其风流自赏意。宋·陈纪《倦寻芳》：“满簪霜雪，一帽尘埃，消几寒食。”红尘：闹市的飞尘。
韦杜：唐代韦氏、杜氏的并称。韦氏居韦曲，杜氏居杜曲，皆在长安城南，世为望族。时称“韦杜”，世人有“城南韦杜，离天尺五”之称。这里指北京城中贵族豪门所集中居住的地方。
“满城”二句：全城的豪门楼台广漠一片，但又互相隔绝。暗示对豪门之间争斗的厌倦。漠漠：形容分布。
目送飞鸿：眺望天边雁影。
景：同“影”，这里指雁影。
关山：关隘和山川。这里指北京郊区的西山等。
参考资料：
1、罗斯宁，罗镇邦选注．历代词三百首：中山大学出版社，1998：第316页
2、龚自珍著；侯荣荣解评．龚自珍集：三晋出版社，2008：第149页
点绛唇·十月二日马上作创作背景
在《怀人馆词选》中这首词的前一首为嘉庆十六年（1811年）辛未六月所作的《水调歌头·风雨飒然至》，而第二年嘉庆十七年壬申（1812年）四月，龚自珍已经南下。就词中“韦杜”、“江北江南雪”等词句，可知这首词所写为北京冬日，故必为嘉庆十六年（1811年）初冬在北京时所作。
参考资料：
1、龚自珍著；侯荣荣解评．龚自珍集：三晋出版社，2008：第149页
2、李道英，刘孝严主编；韩进廉，张一平本册主编．中国古代文学作品选 第六册 清近：东北师范大学出版社，1998：第452页
点绛唇·十月二日马上作鉴赏
上片开头便由骑马出游写起。先写骑马出游的风貌。“一帽红尘”，点明出游时风尘仆仆，同时，还说明了出游所经之路是尘埃飞扬的闹市。再写骑马出游的行踪，以“韦杜人家北”代指清都京师中的显贵豪门的住宅区。随后，写所见到的显贵豪门住宅区的楼台，并以“满城风色”作比，认为有“隔”。作者在此未发一个议论，但却表示了对显贵豪门厌弃的态度。
下片转写飞鸿南去。飞鸿飞去的地方正是作者家乡所在的江南，于是，禁不住对家乡的思念而“目送飞鸿”，一直望到飞鸿的影子在远天消失。作者的思乡之心便飞过了隔绝的关山，从千迭的乱云中穿过，想象到家乡可能也正是千里飞雪。下片写南去的飞鸿，进而抒发了思乡之情，表面上看来与上片表达的思想关系不大，实际上，越写思乡之切，就越使得对显贵豪门厌弃的态度更加鲜明。
词的上、下两片，虽各有侧重，但又是完整的一体。两片相接，照视线的移动，由望高楼到望空中，再到望飞鸿，合理而自然。全词无议论，以形象的语言写所见、所想，再透过所见、所想显露出要表达的思想。写所想，能驰骋想象，飞过关山，穿过乱云，展现了千里飞雪的壮阔图景。
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纳兰性德《
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龚自珍简介
唐代·龚自珍的简介
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龚自珍（1792年8月22日～1841年9月26日）清代思想家、文学家及改良主义的先驱者。27岁中举人，38岁中进士。曾任内阁中书、宗人府主事和礼部主事等官职。主张革除弊政，抵制外国侵略，曾全力支持林则徐禁除鸦片。48岁辞官南归，次年暴卒于江苏丹阳云阳书院。他的诗文主张“更法”、“改图”，揭露清统治者的腐朽，洋溢着爱国热情，被柳亚子誉为“三百年来第一流”。著有《定庵文集》，留存文章300余篇，诗词近800首，今人辑为《龚自珍全集》。著名诗作《己亥杂诗》共315首。
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