天净沙·冬
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元代]：白朴
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一声画角谯门，半庭新月黄昏，雪里山前水滨。竹篱茅舍，淡烟衰草孤村。
天净沙·冬译文及注释
译文
在一个冬天的黄昏，城门一声轻响，一轮新月挂在半空，带着雪的山前水流缓缓。竹子做的篱笆和篱笆内的茅舍，在孤村之中一片安详的和谐。
注释
越调：宫调名。天净沙：曲牌名，入越调。
画角：古代军中用以昏晓报警的号角。谯门：建有望楼的城门，古代为防盗和御敌，京城和州郡皆在城门建有望楼。
水滨：靠近水的场所。
淡烟：轻淡的烟雾。
天净沙·冬创作背景
白朴生于动乱之年，长于亡国之邦，于龆龀之龄就经历了家国破亡之变，在兵乱中逃难，于流离中失母。父亲白华先仕于金，后降于宋，终归顺于元，心情经历非常复杂。这就是作者创作这首小令的心境背景。
参考资料：
1、么书仪 等．元曲鉴赏辞典．上海：上海辞书出版社，1990：173-174
天净沙·冬鉴赏
这首小令运用诗歌创作的传统手法，构成了诗的意境。王夫之云：“情、景名为二，而实不可离。神于诗者，妙合无垠。”白朴的这首小令，在情、景之间，正追求着“妙合无垠”的境界。
此曲选择一个黄昏的城郊作为描绘冬景的具体环境。冷月黄昏，雪山水滨，已是清寒凛冽；淡烟衰草，茅舍孤村，又显寂寥冷落，更有谯门一声寒角，平添一分悲凉，空气中弥漫的是孤寂和无助的忧伤。它与《天净沙·秋》的写法上相近。其一，都是字字写景，全未直接抒发、陈述作者的情感。作品所要表现的情绪意蕴，是在对景物的描述中透露、折射出来的。其二，也都是通过一组自然景物的意象组合，来构成一幅富有特征的画面。另外，这支曲子所表现的情感，也不是一时一地有特定具体内容的情感，它所传达的，是一种情调，一种意绪，一种内心状态。从时序上说，《天净沙·秋》写了落日残霞，而这首曲子写的是落日已经隐没山后，新月已经现于天际。从“秋”到“冬”，从“情”到“景”，都是从寥落、凄清进一步发展为悲凉和无望的孤寂。人们或许可以把《天净沙》四首，不仅理解为对季节更替的描绘，而且进一步理解为对情感和人生体验，从欢快而明净到寥落、孤寂之间的发展。这样，这四支曲子所构成的便是内部情感联系的整体了。
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大德歌·冬》
白朴简介
唐代·白朴的简介
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白朴（1226—约1306） 原名恒，字仁甫，后改名朴，字太素，号兰谷。汉族，祖籍隩州（今山西河曲附近），后徙居真定（今河北正定县），晚岁寓居金陵（今南京市），终身未仕。他是元代著名的文学家、曲作家、杂剧家，与关汉卿、马致远、郑光祖合称为元曲四大家。代表作主要有《唐明皇秋夜梧桐雨》、《裴少俊墙头马上》、《董月英花月东墙记》等。
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