菩萨蛮·溪山掩映斜阳里
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宋代]：魏夫人
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溪山掩映斜阳里，楼台影动鸳鸯起。隔岸两三家，出墙红杏花。
绿杨堤下路，早晚溪边去。三见柳绵飞，离人犹未归。
菩萨蛮·溪山掩映斜阳里译文及注释
译文
溪水和山峰都笼罩在夕阳余晖之中。微风吹拂下，溪水荡起层层绿波，倒映在水中的楼台也仿佛在晃动，惊起了水面上的鸳鸯。溪水的两岸，只住着两三户人家，一枝娇艳的杏花从院墙上探出头来。
在杨柳掩映的溪边小路上，有人天天在那里徘徊观望。年年看柳絮飘飞，至今已经看了三次，离人为什么还不还乡？
注释
菩萨蛮：本唐教坊曲，后用为词牌。亦作《菩萨鬘》，又名《子夜歌》、《重叠金》等。唐宣宗大中年间，女蛮国派遣使者进贡，她们身上披挂着珠宝，头上戴着金冠，梳着高高的发髻，让人感觉宛如菩萨，当时教坊就因此制成《菩萨蛮曲》，于是后来《菩萨蛮》成了词牌名。另有《菩萨蛮引》、《菩萨蛮慢》。《菩萨蛮》也是曲牌名，属北曲正宫，字句格律与词牌前半阕同，用在套曲中。此调用韵两句一换，凡四易韵，平仄递转，以繁音促节表现深沉而起伏的情感，历来名作最多。
楼台影动：表明溪水在微风的吹拂下，荡起绿波，而楼台的影子也如同晃动一般。
鸳鸯：一种情鸟，雌雄相依，形影不离，如同良侣。
柳绵：成熟了的柳叶种子，因其上有白色茸毛、随风飘舞如棉似絮而得名，又叫柳絮。在古代水边杨柳往往是送别的场所。
离人：离别的人；离开家园、亲人的人。
参考资料：
1、唐圭璋 等．《唐宋词鉴赏辞典》（唐·五代·北宋卷）：上海辞书出版社，1988年版：588
2、李静 等．唐诗宋词鉴赏大全集．北京：华文出版社 ，2009：262
菩萨蛮·溪山掩映斜阳里鉴赏
此词写景以抒情，情因景生，描绘了思妇盼望远行丈夫归来的情思。全词紧紧围绕一个“溪”字构图设色，表情达意，写得清新自然，不落俗套，饶有情韵，耐人寻味。
首句“溪山掩映斜阳里”写斜阳映照下的溪山，侧重点于“溪”字。次句“楼台影动鸳鸯起”，补足上文，进一步写溪中景色。夕阳斜照之下，溪中不仅有青山的倒影，而且还有楼台的倒影，还有对对鸳鸯溪中嬉水。上句专写静景，下句则动中有静。“楼台影动”，表明溪水微风吹拂之下，荡起层层绿波，楼台的影子也仿佛晃动一般。再添上“鸳鸯起”一笔，整个画面就充满了盎然生趣。
三、四两句写两岸景色，这条溪水的两岸，只住着两三户人家，人烟并不稠密，环境自然是幽静的。至此，上面所说的楼台原是这几户临水人家的住宅，全词意脉连贯，针线绵密。这句为实写，下一句便是虚写，如此虚实相生。深院高墙，关不住满园春色，一枝红杏花，带着娇艳的姿态，硬是从高高的围墙上探出头来。此句的妙处于一个“出”字，词以“出”字形容红杏花，写出了春天的勃勃生机，意味隽永。
词的下片，转入抒情，但仍未脱“溪”字。溪水旁边，有一道长堤，堤上长着一行杨柳，暮春时节，嫩绿的柳丝笼罩着长堤，轻拂着溪水，而魏夫人作为临水人家的妇女，是经常从这里走过的。“早晚”一词，并非指时间的早和晚。张相《诗词曲语辞汇释》卷六云：“早晚，犹云随时也；日日也。”其义犹如舒亶《鹊桥仙》词“两堤芳草一江云，早晚是西楼望处”。
古代，水边柳外，往往是送别的场所。据《宋史·曾布传》，曾布于神宗元丰中，连知秦州、陈州、蔡州和庆州。陆游《老学庵笔记》卷七也说：“曾子宣丞相，元丰间帅庆州，未至，召还，主陕府，复还庆州，往来潼关。夫人魏氏作诗戏丞相云：”使君自为君恩厚，不是区区爱华山。‘“这期间，曾布告别家人，游宦外，可能连续三年。此处，当指魏夫人填词述怀。结尾二句说明她溪边已徜徉了三年，年年都见过一次柳絮纷飞。从柳絮纷飞想到当年折柳赠别，这是很自然的。”三见柳绵飞“是实语，而着一”犹“字，便化实为虚了，这样，哀怨之情，离别之恨，便隐然流于言外。
此词声律上极具特色，八句中两句一叶韵，如“里”与“起”、“家”、与“花”、“路”与去、“飞”与“归”，均押韵工整；且两句与两句之间又平仄交错，如上片四句“里”与“起”是仄声韵，“家”与“花”是平声韵；下片“路”与“去”是仄声韵，“飞”与“归”是平声韵，读来十分谐婉，再加上语言晓畅，词句清丽，较好地抒写了贵族妇女温柔敦厚而又婉曲缠绵的感情。
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温庭筠《
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梦江南·千万恨》
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陈克《
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菩萨蛮·绿芜墙绕青苔院》
魏夫人简介
唐代·魏夫人的简介
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魏夫人，名玩，字玉汝，北宋女词人。乃曾布之妻，魏泰之姊，封鲁国夫人。襄阳（今湖北襄阳市）人。生卒年不详，生平亦无可考。魏夫人的文学创作在宋代颇负盛名，朱熹甚至将她与李清照并提（《词综》卷二十五），亦在《朱子语类》卷一四零中云：“本朝妇人能文，只有李易安与魏夫人”，曾著有《魏夫人集》。现存作品仅有诗1首，咏项羽、虞姬事，题作《虞美人草行》（《诗话总龟》卷二十一）；词10余首，周泳先辑为《鲁国夫人词》。周泳先辑为《鲁国夫人词》。
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