绝句漫兴九首·其三
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唐代]：杜甫
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熟知茅斋绝低小，江上燕子故来频。
衔泥点污琴书内，更接飞虫打着人。
绝句漫兴九首·其三鉴赏
这首诗写频频飞入草堂书斋里的燕子扰人的情景。首句说茅斋的极度低矮狭窄，“熟知”，乃就燕子言。连江上的燕子都非常熟悉这茅斋的低小，大概是更宜于筑巢吧！所以第二句接着说“故来频”。燕子频频而来，自然要引起主人的烦恼。三、四两句就细致地描写了燕子在层内的活动：筑巢衔泥点污了琴书不算，还要追捕飞虫甚至碰着了人。诗人以明白如话的口语，作了细腻生动的刻画，给人以亲切逼真的实感；而且透过实感，使人联想到这低小的茅斋，由于江燕的频频进扰，使主人也难以容身了。从而写出了草堂困居，诗人心境诸多烦扰的情态。明代王嗣《杜臆》就此诗云：“远客孤居，一时遭遇，多有不可人意者。”这种不可人意，还是由客愁生发，借燕子引出禽鸟亦若欺人的感慨。
王夫之在《姜斋诗话》中说：“情景名为二，而实不可离。神于诗者，妙合无垠。巧者则有情中景，景中情”。杜甫这首诗也是善于景中含情的一例。全诗俱从茅斋江燕着笔，三、四两句更是描写燕子动作的景语，就在这“点污琴书”、“打着人”的精细描写中，包蕴着远客孤居的诸多烦扰和心绪不宁的神情，体物缘情，神物妙合。“不可人意”的心情，诗句中虽不著一字，却全都在景物描绘中表现出来了。全诗富有韵味，耐人咀嚼。
这首诗景中含情。诗人从燕子落笔，细腻逼真地描写了它们频频飞入草堂书斋，“点污琴书”、“打着人”等活动。这些描写既凸现了燕子的可爱之态，又生动传神地表现出燕子对草堂书斋的喜爱，以及对诗人的亲昵。全诗洋溢着浓厚的生活气息，给人自然、亲切之感，同时也透露出诗人在草堂安定生活的喜悦和悠闲之情。
这首诗的主旨也可以理解为诗人通过对燕子频频飞入草堂书斋扰人情景的生动描写，借燕子引出禽鸟也好像欺负人的感慨，表现出诗人远客孤居的诸多烦恼和心绪不宁的神情。
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苏轼《
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西江月·坐客见和复次韵》
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葛天民《
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迎燕》
杜甫简介
唐代·杜甫的简介
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杜甫（712－770），字子美，自号少陵野老，世称“杜工部”、“杜少陵”等，汉族，河南府巩县（今河南省巩义市）人，唐代伟大的现实主义诗人，杜甫被世人尊为“诗圣”，其诗被称为“诗史”。杜甫与李白合称“李杜”，为了跟另外两位诗人李商隐与杜牧即“小李杜”区别开来，杜甫与李白又合称“大李杜”。他忧国忧民，人格高尚，他的约1400余首诗被保留了下来，诗艺精湛，在中国古典诗歌中备受推崇，影响深远。759-766年间曾居成都，后世有杜甫草堂纪念。
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